With this information, refer to NHBC ‘Building Near Trees’, Chapter 4.2, to determine the suitable depth of the foundation.
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The highest water demand trees are broad leaf trees such as oak, elm and poplar, as well as willow trees. In order to determine the suitable foundation depth, it is important to identify the tree species to work out the water demand.Damage from trees can occur directly from physical contact with tree roots or indirectly from moisture shrinkage (often in long periods of dry weather), or from heave which is often caused when high-water-demand trees, that would have had a drainage effect on the soil, have been removed or severely pruned.Trees can cause shrinkage or heave which can cause damage to foundations in shrinkable soils which are subject to changes in volume as their moisture content is altered.These roots can affect a foundation, even when up to 30m away. A tree root system goes down to around 600mm in the ground and extends outwards, often further than the tree's equivalent height. Precautions should be taken when proposing to build near existing trees, especially in clay soils.'Standard Concrete Mixes' Table: BRE Good Building Guide GBG53, 'Foundations for low-rise building extensions'. * Recommendations for 20mm maximum aggregate size (assumes cement of standard strength class 32.5). An St2 mix to give 1 m³ of concrete having 160-210mm slump:.An St2 mix to give 1 m³ of concrete having 100-150mm slump:.If the foundation is reinforced or sulphates are present in the ground or there is a ground water problem, these mixes are not adequate and a stronger mix will be necessary.A site mixed ‘standard prescribed’ concrete (BS 8500), for non-aggressive soils would be an ST2 mix, given in table below.A typical mix for non-aggressive soils would be a GEN1 or BS 8500. The standards designated for ready-mixed concrete for strip and trench foundations are known as GEN.Refer to NHBC Chapter 2.1 ‘Concrete and its Reinforcement’. Additionally, some soils can be affected by particular species of trees and deeper foundations or special foundation types may be required (see building near trees below). In clay soils affected by seasonal moisture, foundations over 2.5m deep are not normally acceptable, in which case piles, raft or pad and beam foundations may be required.In sand and clay soils, the depth of foundations should be no less than 900mm deep and BS8103 recommends a depth of not less than 1.0m.In chalk soils, foundation depths can be as little 500-750mm, but no less than 450mm to protect against frost action.Foundation trenches should be excavated down to consistent and competent virgin ground which provides adequate bearing strength.All load bearing elements, these include external walls, party walls, chimney breasts, piers and internal load bearing walls, should sit on an adequate foundation.
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3D Details Foundations / Walls / FloorsĬompile a Building Regulations Specification with our Web AppsĪ foundation is required to ensure loads from the building are sustained and safely transmitted to the ground.
Foundation drawing software trial#
* VisualFoundation download link provides trial version of the software. Template projects for jump-starting new projects with similar features.Improved usability: easy graphics and toolbar commands.Sophisticated thick-plate finite element formulation.Automated FEA meshing and soil-spring supports.Support for codes: IBC, ASCE 7, ACI 318,.
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